Women in the Workplace and the US Economy Essay

Women in the Workplace and the US Economy - Essay Example The number of female CEOs, leaders and entrepreneurs has increased several times1. It does not mean that women have become more man-like or that their abilities have improved. The cause of this change is that women have been finally noticed by man-ruled world. According to statistics, women's share in administrative and managerial positions (year 2000) was approximately 30 percent. Moreover, United States has the highest share of women in decision making related to national economy. The gap between men and women work participation fell from 50 percent in 1950 to only 15 percent in 1998. As it was noted at the International Women's Policy Research Conference, "without dramatic infusion of women into the workforce, the economic expansion of the last 50 years would not have been possible; the economy would have been plagued by a shortage of workers.2" In addition, the labor costs would have add to the inflation - the fewer workers would lead to the decreased family incomes and federal revenues. Further, the production level would drop and lead to the economic deficit. Women participation in workforce has the same positive impact on the American economy today as it had in 1950s. In few years the baby boomers will start to retire, working wome n will become the foundation of economic expansion. Even if the workforce will grow at 1 percent per year, the ... Nevertheless, these dramatic projections can be avoided, as economists note, if women participation in workforce is encouraged and supported. Looking back on the historical role of women, they have increased the workforce by 30 percent after the WW II and have laid the foundation for the sustained employment gains during that time3. In addition to the general contribution of working women to American economy, there are also numerous advantages women bring to the success of national companies. Today more and more companies are recruiting and promoting women into senior positions. Women succeed not only in positions and industries historically considered appropriate for them, but in the areas which were always male dominated - manufacturing, engineers and especially financial services. Half of the Fortune 500 companies have women on their corporate board of directors4. There are several reasons why women are being sought for leading positions. First, they represent the previously unnoticed pool of talents. Second, they bring the new dimension to the management of group. Third, women bring alternative perspectives to the table. As the result, the increased number of women in the workplace creates the competitive advantage because 80 percent of all consumers spending in American is done by women. Thus female leader s understand better the needs of customers. Increased spending is good not only for the company's revenues, but for the whole economy as well. In addition to being successful leaders of corporations, women have proved to be highly skilled in operating small firms. The majority women-owned firms are growing at the rate twice the American average. These firms contribute $1.1 trillion in revenues to

Thinking Critically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thinking Critically - Essay Example This caused for falling of sales from the last three months. Sharmaji firstly identify the problem elaborately. Some problems may become the real problems that may be caused for the falling of sales. Sharmaji critically think the real problems facing in the store and the terms of urgency in the company. In accordance with Sharmaji the real performance of a business is related to the employees. The satisfaction, market trend,working experience, their interest to work are based on the performance of a business. When the marketing trends are changed, it can be motivated by the employees, the employees can find ways to succeed the problem. (University of Phoenix)(1) Sharmaji critically think the problems’ urgency and criticality. The urgent problems can be impact the store’s problems in short-term and the critical problems is that can be impact in a significant manner in the operations of the company. He understands that the sales are decreased from the past three months only this store. Any other has not the problems. Because of the competition process that the present market’s facing problem the sales become fall. For the overcome of the problem they take decision to take alternative solution to this problem.(Koontz)(2) They think to purchase another Store cooling and air-conditioned machine to the store and by this increase the sales. They discussed it with other subordinates and take the decision of purchase. They critically think that his is the only way to achieve the goal. But the legal side takes notice that the new machine has some newly furnished machine and that will cause for the air pollution. They detect the installing of the new machine. By the new machine the company can reduce the cost of electricity and this will cause for increase of the return. But the rules of Law of the companies will not allow for the installation. Sharmaji critically thinking the urgency and

Electronic Monitoring Vs. Health Concerns :: essays research papers fc

Electronic Monitoring vs. Health Concerns Is privacy and electronic monitoring in the work place an issue that is becoming a problem? More and more employees are being monitored today then ever before and the companies that do it aren't letting off. While electronic monitoring in the work place may be the cause of increased stress levels and tension, the benefits far exceed the harm that it may cause. Employees don't realize how often electronic monitoring happens in their work place. An estimated twenty million Americans are subjected to monitoring in their work place, commonly in the form of phone monitoring, E-mail searches, and searching through the files on their hard drive (Paranoid 435). A poll by MacWorld states that over twenty-one percent of all employees are monitored at work, and the larger the company, the higher the percentage (Privacy 445). Unaware of this electronic monitoring, most employees often are not working at their peak performance due to this type of scrutiny. The majority of Americans believe that electronic monitoring should not be allowed. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis states that of all of the freedoms that Americans enjoy, privacy "is the right most valued by civilized men (Privacy 441)." A poll taken by Yankelovich Clancy Shulman for Time, states that ninety-five percent of Americans believe that electronic monitoring should not be allowed (Privacy 444). Harriet Ternipsede, who is a travel agent, gave a lengthy testimonial on how electronic monitoring at her job caused her undue stress and several health problems including muscle aches, mental confusion, weakened eyesight, severe sleep disturbance, nausea, and exhaustion. Ternipsede was later diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (Electronic 446). A study done by the University of Wisconsin found that eighty-seven percent of employees subjected to electronic monitoring suffered from higher stress levels and increased tension while only sixty-seven percent of those employees that were not subjected to monitoring had those same symptoms (Paranoid 436). While it is obvious that most employees are against electronic monitoring, the use of electronic monitoring contributes to increased stress levels in employees. While the advantages derived from electronic monitoring far outweigh the disadvantages. Through the use of employee monitoring, companies can save money in overall operations cost by weeding out those employees who don't pull their weight, and cut down on employee theft. By monitoring employees, it is possible to measure their performance and see if they are meeting standards. By getting rid of those employees who don't meet standards the burden of daily tasks is lifted on every other employee in that department. Eighty to ninety percent of business theft is internal (Paranoid

Chalice Wines Case Essay

The Chalice Wine Group (CWG) is a wine producer has a prestigious reputation for producing consistently elegant wines. The CWG owns two vineyards (Chalice and Cimarron) and half of a third (Delta), and also owns three wineries (Chalice, Cimarron, and Alicia) and half of a fourth (Opera Valley). Chalice winery is the flagship of the four wineries, and founded in 1969. In June 1993, Chalice was the only publicly-held company in the United States whose principal business is the production and sale of premium wines. The four California wineries are located in different place. Each of them has their own president, typically the winemaker, and separate profit center separately. The Chalice Wine Group has long story with a prestigious reputation for producing great wine. From the information that from the article, I calculated the price that the retailer will sell to the end consumer is $141.88, which means their target customers are the people who has some purchasing power. So, the CWG is a strong competitor in the mid-high end wine market. Because as we read from the article, CWG keeps lose money from 1992, but the other market competitor named Lyford Winery has good profit margin, and ROA ratio. According to the financial report of CWG, at 1992 and 1993, the group had a net loss of $741,000 and $700,000 separately. In order to find out why the company is losing money, and where did this money lost, and how can the other similar industry companies make money, I will trace the paths followed by the 1991 Cimarron Meritage White from the vinery, winery, distributor to retailor to analysis the numbers in this value chain and find out the reason why the company lost their money. The Vineyard In order to produce the Cimarron Meritage White, the Cimarron winery needs to buy two kinds of grapes for total 89.17 tonnages at $812.36/ton. Because these two kinds of grapes are grown outside of the Cimarron Vineyard, so they need to pay the hauling cost for $1,463. And the total cost for the grape per case is $13.26. Assuming the Cimarron winery will buy a 30 acre  vineyard in Sonoma County where can grow the required quality grapes to produce Cimarron Meritage White, the price for the land is $525,000, and once the vineyard matured, normally needs more than 5 years, the operating cost will be $9.59/case, and the selling price will be $12.99/case. And the assets allocated into the case is $94.71/case. Based on the data, I got the some numbers in the Vineyard step. The profit margin in this process is 26.17%, the Assets turnover ratio is 13.7%, and the ROA is 3.59%. The profit is O.K., and the Assets turnover ratio is too low, and the ROA even lower. So I do not recommend the Cimarron Winery to invest new land. In addition, this data is not including the other costs such as price of the land, clear and replanted fee for phylloxeral which 30-acre land has, and the operating costs that happens before the vineyard mature. If we include those costs into calculation, the ratios will be lower. The Winery In the Winery process, the price is $76/case for sell, the carried cost is $25.73, the SG&A expenses is $19.31/case, and the assets allocate cost is $263. So, we got some numbers of the profit is $3.98/case, which is very low, the profit margin is 5.24%, the assets turnover ratio is 29.23%, and the ROA is 1.53%. From these numbers and ratios, I knew that even though for every $1 assets investment, the company generates $0.29 revenue and only $0.0153 profit. In other words, in this process, the CWG is not utilizing their assets well, or they invest much more in the assets than necessary, or the cost control is poor. When analysis wine’s carry cost, we see the winemaking cost is 40% of the total carry costs, and this is cost too much. The profit margin tells us that for every $1 sale, the company only gets profit at $0.054. So CWG can either reduce it’s costs, or increase it’s selling prices. All the numbers shows us that in this Winery process, the performance is poor. The Cimarron spends too much in it’s assets investment. Because the overall utilization of the depreciable assets less than 10% annual capacity, the CWG can learn from the Lyford winery to lease the equipment and spaces  to reduce it’s assets usage costs. The distributor In this process, the sale cost is $79.81/case, the operating cost is $15.08, and the assets cost is $41.06/case. In order to achieve a gross margin of 25%, the distributor has a 1/3 mark-up over cost, and the final price is $106.41/case. In this process, the distributor got the profit margin at 10.83%. And for every $1 assets investment, the company gets $2.59 revenue, but only $0.28 profit. The problem here is still the sale cost control. It’s looks like the distributor has great sales revenue, but the actual profit is very low. The difference is a big number of sale costs. The Retail The retailer marks up the wine to achieve a 25% gross margin at the process too, and make the price of the wine is $141.88/case. The cost of sales is $106.41/case, the operating cost is $5.82/case, and the assets cost is $48.68/case. So, we get the profit margin ratio at 4.1%, which is the lowest ration among four process, the assets turnover ratio is $291.45%, and the ROA is 11.9%. The issue in this process is even worse than the distributor process. The assets turnover ratio looks great at 2.9145, however, the ROA only at 0.119. The cost of wine, which is $106.41, is playing a big role in this process, so the profit will not be very high. The Lyford Collecting all the information in the case, I got the numbers of the Lyford’s are: the revenue is $45/case, the costs of sales is $25.41, the marketing expenses and the leasing space and equipment fee is $6.09, and the assets cost is $13.50/case. And the profit margin ratio is 30%, the assets turnover ratio is 333.33%, and the ROA is 100%. For every $1 invest in assets, the Lyford get $1 profit !!!, and the cost in assets only 30% of the sales, because the Lyford leased all of its equipment and spaces, and purchased the services of bring the wine from the bulk wine market to the distribution from wineries with surplus capacity, which they will charge for less, or from the custom winemaking operations. In other words, the Lyford winery will not spend large resources into some depreciable assets that idling most  of the year. And the Lyford may more flexible plan to bring the product from the bulk to the distributor, which also means they spend much less than Cimarron do. All above all, comparing the ratios among the 4 processes of the Cimarron Meritage White and the Lyford winery, I recommend the Cimarron that: 1) skip the distributor process. So there will not be two times 1/3 mark-up over cost, then the final price of the Cimarron Meritage White will be lower and some potential customers might be turn to CWG, and the sales will increase; 2) rent the assets to other wineries when the equipment or spaces set aside for nothing to do; 3) stop invest in assets/land; 4) learn from the Lyford. Outsourcing the services that required brining the wine to the distributor. The last, even though the Lyford’s financial number looks great in this industry, but they still need to be careful about their risk-cost, because all the assets are rented, and the process that bringing the wine to the final customers are more like depending on the others, so if there is really something happens, such as the leaser stop their lease unexpected, or no more wineries with surplus capacity available, the Lyford might have some problem at some extent.

A Practitioner Of Yoga - 1587 Words

Ã…Å¡U 1.15: Like oil in sesame seeds and butter in curds, like water in the river- bed and fire in the fire-drills, so, when one seeks it with truth and austerity, one grasps the self (Ä tman) in the body (Ä tman) - that all- pervading self, which is contained [in the body], like butter in milk. Ã…Å¡U 1.16: That is brahman, the highest objects of the teachings on hidden connections (Upaniá ¹ £ad), an object rooted in austerity and the knowledge of self. BhG 5.28: The sage whose highest path is release, whose sense, mind and insight are controlled, whose anger, fear and longing have†¦show more content†¦BhG 6.13: One is firm, unmoving, holding in the balance the head, the neck And body, looking at the tip of the nose, not looking in any other direction. YS 2.46: Posture should be steady and comfortable. Both, the Ã…Å¡U and BhG are very specific that the head, neck and trunk should be aligned. In contrast, YS is more general in the correct meditating posture description. One reason, as I proposed previously, for that could be that it was accustomed that the guru is present to demonstrate and teach the student the physical postures, or as Bryant suggests: ‘One could also suppose that other extant texts concerned themselves with the specifics of asana [posture].’ While numerous modern yoga traditions, especially in the West, accentuate the attainment of the physical posture as the highest aim of yoga, the old texts treat the physical posture as only a preparation to the body (physically and energetically) to serve the long meditation practice. As BryantShow MoreRelatedThe Between Yoga And Bodybuilding1172 Words   |  5 PagesYoga has many benefits, but few people consider the overlap that exists between yoga and bodybuilding. In truth, the two exercises are more closely connected than many people realize: Both practices focus on improving the human body and, while they might diverge, there are still plenty of exercises and benefits t o be found. 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The Existence Of Hemingway s Code Hero - 1639 Words

The existence of Hemingway’s â€Å"Code Hero† was first explored in 1952 by Hemingway expert Philip Young in his book Ernest Hemingway (Later revised in 1962 as Ernest Hemingway: A Reconsideration). Hemingway himself defines the Code Hero as â€Å"a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful†. Ultimately the Code Hero will lose because even heroes are mortal, but the true measure of a man is how they face death. The Code Hero can also be afraid of the dark in that it symbolizes the void, the abyss, the nothingness that comes with death. However, once he faces death bravely he becomes a man but must continue the struggle and constantly prove himself to retain his manhood. Code Heroes also frequently have a strong sense of individuality and a drive to travel, to better understand oneself by better understanding the world. Two examples of Hemingway’s C ode Hero are Jake Barnes from The Sun Also Rises and the recurring character Nick Adams from In Our Time. Behind this concept of the Code Hero lies the basic disillusionment brought on by the First World War. Hemingway and others of that generation started coming to the realization that old concepts and values embedded in Christianity and other ethical systems of the western world had not done anything to save humanity from the tragedies inherent in the war. But Hemingway’s exploration and understanding of life and death generated aShow MoreRelated Jake Barnes as Hemingway Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesJake Barnes as Hemingway Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises      Ã‚  Ã‚   The portrayal of heroism is an essential aspect of literature, and every writer delineates his heroes through their ability to triumph over adversity. 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Obedience, By The Crucible Essay - 1419 Words

Obedience has always been a trait present in every aspect of society. Parents have practiced enforcing discipline in their homes where obedience is automatically learned from age one. Instructors have found it difficult to teach a lesson unless their students submit to their authority. Even after the adolescent years, law enforcement officers and governmental officials have expected citizens to uphold the law and abide by the standards set in society. Few will understand, however, that although these requirements for obedience provide positive results for development, there are also dangers to enforcing this important trait. Obedience to authority can be either profitable or perilous depending on who the the individual in command is. In the film, The Crucible, obedience leads to the deaths of many innocent individuals. It was because of the â€Å"afflicted† girls’ decision to obey Abigail that Salem was â€Å"talking witchcraft† and accusing so many individuals k nown for their devotion to God of speaking with the devil (The Crucible). It was also because of the town’s undivided obedience to their religion that those who ultimately decided who lived and died believed they were making the correct decisions. If obedience had been omitted from the chaos of the Salem Witch Trials, the mass hysteria of the issue could have been avoided. Although the theme of heteronomous obedience, or submission to authority, repeats throughout The Crucible, the characters’ internal conflicts with theirShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Apology Speech And The Crucible793 Words   |  4 Pages Composers’ representations of the complex relationship between people and politics are influenced by various moral and social agendas, whereby a portrayal of reality and meaning is inherently subjective. 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This is portrayedRead MoreThe Dramatic Effect of the First Act in Arthur Millers The Crucible1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dramatic Effect of the First Act in Arthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible is set in Salem in 1692. It is about a group of girls who are accused of witchcraft by the people of Salem, and they are put on trial for it. The story is centred on a man named John Proctor who is a farmer in the town, and it is about his affairs, his everyday ones and his sexual ones. There are many themes in The Crucible, deceit, religion, fear, guilt and the evading of peoples privacyRead MoreGender Is A Now A Large Topic For Modern Society938 Words   |  4 Pagesto raise and birth children . Soviet Union you will raise children and birth them but also be a soldier and fight when needed. You will be treated as a man but with the duty of a woman . Women in Colonial Quito were legally obligated to practice obedience to their husbands. Women were dominated by their husbands and faced abused. Because this was how society viewed a role of a women in their society . Also in Brazil a boy had to act like a man if he was what they defined as a subversives they were